Artyom Gavrichenkov
2012-03-30 20:58:54 UTC
Hi all,
The iptables(8) manpage says:
--- [cut here] ---
tcp
These extensions can be used if `--protocol tcp' is specified. It provides the following options:
[!] --syn
Only match TCP packets with the SYN bit set and the ACK,RST and FIN bits cleared. Such packets are used to request TCP connection initiaâ
tion; for example, blocking such packets coming in an interface will prevent incoming TCP connections, but outgoing TCP connections will be
unaffected. It is equivalent to --tcp-flags SYN,RST,ACK,FIN SYN. If the "!" flag precedes the "--syn", the sense of the option is
inverted.
--- [cut here] ---
Unfortunately, with current stable Linux kernel release (as well as
with most of the previous versions) blocking TCP packets with the SYN
bit set and the ACK,RST and FIN bits cleared won't prevent incoming
TCP connections.
Currently Linux TCP stack considers an incoming TCP segment to be a
connection initiation request if the segment only has SYN flag set and
ACK and RST flags cleared. You can easily check it yourself with your
nearest Linux box, as well as on the netfilter.org (213.95.27.115):
# hping3 -c 2 -n -FS -p 80 netfilter.org
HPING netfilter.org (wlan0 213.95.27.115): SF set, 40 headers + 0 data bytes
len=44 ip=213.95.27.115 ttl=52 DF id=0 sport=80 flags=SA seq=0 win=5840 rtt=58.8 ms
len=44 ip=213.95.27.115 ttl=52 DF id=0 sport=80 flags=SA seq=1 win=5840 rtt=51.1 ms
--- netfilter.org hping statistic ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 51.1/55.0/58.8 ms
#
As you see, the netfilter.org server sends SYN/ACK in response to an
incoming SYN/FIN, indicating that a connection is being established.
It is only a matter of a few checks to make sure that the indication
is correct and the connection is indeed initialized.
This might be a Linux bug as well to accept SYN/FIN as a connection
initiation attempt. However, there could as well be a reason for kernel
developers to do this, because such thing as T/TCP (RFC 1644) allows a
TCP server to act like this, and though this RFC is experimental and
obsolete, as far as I know, it is still implemented somewhere, for
example, in FreeBSD.
I guess that most iptables setups probably are not affected by this
behaviour, because `iptables -m tcp --syn' is often used for something
in lines of this:
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 --syn -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -j DROP
In this case, SYN/FIN segments will be dropped, because they are not
considered plain SYN and they are not associated with an established
connection. My guess is that, for example, kernel.org is set up like that:
# hping3 -c 2 -n -FS -p 80 kernel.org
HPING kernel.org (wlan0 149.20.4.69): SF set, 40 headers + 0 data bytes
--- kernel.org hping statistic ---
2 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 0.0/0.0/0.0 ms
#
However, there are cases when this behaviour produces clear security
breach, for example, when one is trying to prevent incoming TCP
connections from a certain IP (as manpage suggests) or when one is
trying to limit the rate of connection establishment attempts. In
this case attacker can send SYN/FIN packets which would pass all the
rules containing --syn and would establish a connection.
The patch to fix this is trivial (it is attached below), however, it
might be a good idea to discuss reasons first and find the best
solution possible.
P. S. Sorry for being so verbose, I'm new to this mailing list and I'm
trying to explain everything as clear as I can.
--
| Artyom Gavrichenkov
| gpg: fa1c670e
| mailto: ***@gmail.com
| xmpp: ***@gmail.com
| skype: xima_era
| tel. no: +7 916 515 49 58
-- Signed-off-by: Artyom Gavrichenkov <***@gmail.com>
diff --git a/extensions/libxt_tcp.c b/extensions/libxt_tcp.c
index e849fa2..3af03c4 100644
--- a/extensions/libxt_tcp.c
+++ b/extensions/libxt_tcp.c
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ tcp_parse(int c, char **argv, int invert, unsigned int *flags,
xtables_error(PARAMETER_PROBLEM,
"Only one of `--syn' or `--tcp-flags' "
" allowed");
- parse_tcp_flags(tcpinfo, "SYN,RST,ACK,FIN", "SYN", invert);
+ parse_tcp_flags(tcpinfo, "SYN,RST,ACK", "SYN", invert);
*flags |= TCP_FLAGS;
break;
diff --git a/extensions/libxt_tcp.man b/extensions/libxt_tcp.man
index 7a16118..e1698df 100644
--- a/extensions/libxt_tcp.man
+++ b/extensions/libxt_tcp.man
@@ -31,12 +31,12 @@ will only match packets with the SYN flag set, and the ACK, FIN and
RST flags unset.
.TP
[\fB!\fP] \fB\-\-syn\fP
-Only match TCP packets with the SYN bit set and the ACK,RST and FIN bits
+Only match TCP packets with the SYN bit set and the ACK and RST bits
cleared. Such packets are used to request TCP connection initiation;
for example, blocking such packets coming in an interface will prevent
incoming TCP connections, but outgoing TCP connections will be
unaffected.
-It is equivalent to \fB\-\-tcp\-flags SYN,RST,ACK,FIN SYN\fP.
+It is equivalent to \fB\-\-tcp\-flags SYN,RST,ACK SYN\fP.
If the "!" flag precedes the "\-\-syn", the sense of the
option is inverted.
.TP
The iptables(8) manpage says:
--- [cut here] ---
tcp
These extensions can be used if `--protocol tcp' is specified. It provides the following options:
[!] --syn
Only match TCP packets with the SYN bit set and the ACK,RST and FIN bits cleared. Such packets are used to request TCP connection initiaâ
tion; for example, blocking such packets coming in an interface will prevent incoming TCP connections, but outgoing TCP connections will be
unaffected. It is equivalent to --tcp-flags SYN,RST,ACK,FIN SYN. If the "!" flag precedes the "--syn", the sense of the option is
inverted.
--- [cut here] ---
Unfortunately, with current stable Linux kernel release (as well as
with most of the previous versions) blocking TCP packets with the SYN
bit set and the ACK,RST and FIN bits cleared won't prevent incoming
TCP connections.
Currently Linux TCP stack considers an incoming TCP segment to be a
connection initiation request if the segment only has SYN flag set and
ACK and RST flags cleared. You can easily check it yourself with your
nearest Linux box, as well as on the netfilter.org (213.95.27.115):
# hping3 -c 2 -n -FS -p 80 netfilter.org
HPING netfilter.org (wlan0 213.95.27.115): SF set, 40 headers + 0 data bytes
len=44 ip=213.95.27.115 ttl=52 DF id=0 sport=80 flags=SA seq=0 win=5840 rtt=58.8 ms
len=44 ip=213.95.27.115 ttl=52 DF id=0 sport=80 flags=SA seq=1 win=5840 rtt=51.1 ms
--- netfilter.org hping statistic ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 51.1/55.0/58.8 ms
#
As you see, the netfilter.org server sends SYN/ACK in response to an
incoming SYN/FIN, indicating that a connection is being established.
It is only a matter of a few checks to make sure that the indication
is correct and the connection is indeed initialized.
This might be a Linux bug as well to accept SYN/FIN as a connection
initiation attempt. However, there could as well be a reason for kernel
developers to do this, because such thing as T/TCP (RFC 1644) allows a
TCP server to act like this, and though this RFC is experimental and
obsolete, as far as I know, it is still implemented somewhere, for
example, in FreeBSD.
I guess that most iptables setups probably are not affected by this
behaviour, because `iptables -m tcp --syn' is often used for something
in lines of this:
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 --syn -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -j DROP
In this case, SYN/FIN segments will be dropped, because they are not
considered plain SYN and they are not associated with an established
connection. My guess is that, for example, kernel.org is set up like that:
# hping3 -c 2 -n -FS -p 80 kernel.org
HPING kernel.org (wlan0 149.20.4.69): SF set, 40 headers + 0 data bytes
--- kernel.org hping statistic ---
2 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 0.0/0.0/0.0 ms
#
However, there are cases when this behaviour produces clear security
breach, for example, when one is trying to prevent incoming TCP
connections from a certain IP (as manpage suggests) or when one is
trying to limit the rate of connection establishment attempts. In
this case attacker can send SYN/FIN packets which would pass all the
rules containing --syn and would establish a connection.
The patch to fix this is trivial (it is attached below), however, it
might be a good idea to discuss reasons first and find the best
solution possible.
P. S. Sorry for being so verbose, I'm new to this mailing list and I'm
trying to explain everything as clear as I can.
--
| Artyom Gavrichenkov
| gpg: fa1c670e
| mailto: ***@gmail.com
| xmpp: ***@gmail.com
| skype: xima_era
| tel. no: +7 916 515 49 58
-- Signed-off-by: Artyom Gavrichenkov <***@gmail.com>
diff --git a/extensions/libxt_tcp.c b/extensions/libxt_tcp.c
index e849fa2..3af03c4 100644
--- a/extensions/libxt_tcp.c
+++ b/extensions/libxt_tcp.c
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ tcp_parse(int c, char **argv, int invert, unsigned int *flags,
xtables_error(PARAMETER_PROBLEM,
"Only one of `--syn' or `--tcp-flags' "
" allowed");
- parse_tcp_flags(tcpinfo, "SYN,RST,ACK,FIN", "SYN", invert);
+ parse_tcp_flags(tcpinfo, "SYN,RST,ACK", "SYN", invert);
*flags |= TCP_FLAGS;
break;
diff --git a/extensions/libxt_tcp.man b/extensions/libxt_tcp.man
index 7a16118..e1698df 100644
--- a/extensions/libxt_tcp.man
+++ b/extensions/libxt_tcp.man
@@ -31,12 +31,12 @@ will only match packets with the SYN flag set, and the ACK, FIN and
RST flags unset.
.TP
[\fB!\fP] \fB\-\-syn\fP
-Only match TCP packets with the SYN bit set and the ACK,RST and FIN bits
+Only match TCP packets with the SYN bit set and the ACK and RST bits
cleared. Such packets are used to request TCP connection initiation;
for example, blocking such packets coming in an interface will prevent
incoming TCP connections, but outgoing TCP connections will be
unaffected.
-It is equivalent to \fB\-\-tcp\-flags SYN,RST,ACK,FIN SYN\fP.
+It is equivalent to \fB\-\-tcp\-flags SYN,RST,ACK SYN\fP.
If the "!" flag precedes the "\-\-syn", the sense of the
option is inverted.
.TP